A Comprehensive Evaluation Of Section 31 Cr.P.C Regarding The Sentence To Be Passed For Several Offences At One Trial [Q And A]

Even though Section 31 Cr.P.C is a small Section with 3 sub-sections, it has been eluding the comprehension of many in the Bench and the Bar, necessitating some elucidation so that its contours are better understood. I will first deal with Section 31 (1) and thereafter sub-sections (2) and (3) of the said Section. THE SCOPE OF SECTION 31 (1) Cr.P.C. Section 31 Cr.P.C reads...

Prosecution Sanction Under Section 197 Cr.P.C Explained By Justice V Ram Kumar [Part-7]

AB. Is not the filing of a charge-sheet without the requisite prosecution sanction per se, illegal ? 29. The filing of a charge-sheet before Court without the requisite prosecution sanction is not per se illegal. What the law insists is that before the Court takes cognizance of the offence, there must be before the Court the requisite prosecution sanction given by the...

Prosecution Sanction Under Section 197 Cr.P.C Explained By Justice V Ram Kumar [Part-6]

Z. The necessity, if any, to examine the sanctioning authority as a witness before Court 27. There is no need to examine the sanctioning authority as a witness during the trial of the case before Court. What the prosecution has to prove is that the sanctioning authority applied his mind to the facts constituting the offence. If this is discernible from the sanction order...

Prosecution Sanction Under Section 197 Cr.P.C Explained By Justice V Ram Kumar [Part-5]

T. Can the Government empower a responsible and senior officer to accord sanction on behalf of the Government either under the Cr.P.C or under the P.C Act, 1988 ? 21. Yes. Where it is the Government which has to accord prosecution sanction, the Government can empower a responsible and senior officer to accord such prosecution sanction. As per an amendment to the Rules of Business...

Prosecution Sanction Under Section 197 Cr.P.C Explained By Justice V Ram Kumar [Part-4]

O. Authorities competent to accord sanction under Section 19 (1) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 16. The authorities competent to grant prosecution sanction under the P. C. Act, 1988 are – (i) The Central Government in the case of a person who is employed in connection with the affairs of the Union and not removable from his office except by or with...

Prosecution Sanction Under Section 197 Cr.P.C Explained By Justice V Ram Kumar [Part-3]

L. Can it be said that certain offences committed by public servants cannot constitute acts done in performance of official duty ? 13. Unfortunately yes, in the light of certain decisions of the Supreme Court. In State of H.P. v. M.P Gupta (2004) 2 SCC 349 = AIR 2004 SC 730 - Doraiswamy Raju, Arijit Pasayat - JJ, it was held by the Apex Court that it was no part of...

Prosecution Sanction Under Section 197 Cr.P.C Explained By Justice V Ram Kumar [Part-2]

F. The inevitable requirements for sanction to prosecute an accused who is a Judge, Magistrate or a Public Servant 7. It is not enough that the Judge, Magistrate or “public servant” concerned is holding such post. It should be further shown that they are not removable from their office except by or with the sanction of the appropriate Government and that the...

Prosecution Sanction Under Section 197 Cr.P.C Explained By Justice V Ram Kumar [Part-I]

A. I N T R O D U C T I O N Section 197 Cr.P.C. has been enacted for affording some protection to “public servants” including Judges and Magistrates. In the case of Judges and Magistrates, they have to function without any fear or favour, affection or ill will. As long as they act bona fide, they need protection for fearlessly administering justice and any...

“Recovery Evidence” Under Section 27 Of The Evidence Act- Questions & Answers By Justice V Ramkumar [Part-XII]

Q.56 Supposing, in the above question “police custody” of the accused is wrongly obtained from the Court and while so, a recovery falling under Section 27 of the Evidence Act is effected. Is the recovery evidence admissible? Ans. Yes. Such a confession is not liable to be excluded merely on the ground that it was obtained under an illegal order of remand. (Vide State v....

Judicial Service Exams: Question And Answers (MCQs) Based On Latest Judgements- PART-2

MCQs based on Current SC Judgments- September 2023 21. As far as the comparison between ocular evidence and the opinion of medical experts goes, which statement is correct in this regard?a) Medical expert opinions should always take precedence over eyewitness accounts.b) Ocular evidence should be considered only if it matches the medical expert opinions.c) Ocular evidence holds...

“Recovery Evidence” Under Section 27 Of The Evidence Act- Questions & Answers By Justice V Ramkumar [Part-XI]

Q.51 The culprit husband who is subsequently made an accused voluntarily goes to the police station soon after committing brutal murder of his wife and tells the Sub Inspector who is the SHO that he butchered his wife to death and reveals the place where he has concealed the chopper. The Head Constable is sent to the place mentioned by the person. The Head Constable finds the chopper...

Judicial Service Exams: Question And Answers (MCQs) Based On Latest Judgements- PART-1

MCQs based on Current SC Judgments- September 20231. Recently, in Zunaid v. State of UP 2023 LiveLaw (SC) 730, what power did the Supreme Court affirm regarding the Magistrate's authority after receiving the final police report under Section 173 CrPC?a) The Magistrate must accept the final report without any discretion.b) The Magistrate can only order a reinvestigation.c) The Magistrate...